clean fuels and catalysis

Clean Fuels & Catalysis

Heightened public interest in cleaner air, along with increasingly stringent regulations on transportation fuel quality, has resulted in worldwide research and development efforts to find ways for more efficient production of cleaner fuels that contain ultra-low sulfur or zero sulfur and low aromatics. The mission of the Clean Fuels and Catalysis (CFC) Program is to promote comprehensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly utilization of hydrocarbon resources for making and using clean fuels and chemicals through catalytic and chemical research.

CFC research focuses on ultra-clean fuels, chemicals, applied catalysis, reaction chemistry, new materials, and new processing methods related to energy conversion, energy utilization, chemical processing, and environmental protection. The production of clean fuels and chemicals from coal, petroleum, and natural gas requires a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of the starting feedstock and how to tailor processing and/or reaction chemistry to produce a clean fuel or chemical with specific properties. The Clean Fuels and Catalysis research at the EMS Energy Institute garners international attention and attracts a diverse mix of scholars who collaborate to develop a wide range of clean fuels and chemicals using environmentally benign technologies.

Research

Clean fuels and catalysis research

CO₂ Capture & Utilization

Penn State is developing new methods for carbon dioxide capture and separation of gas mixtures and flue gases from fossil fuel-based power plants. A new concept, CO₂ “molecular basket” sorbent (MBS), was proposed, and the nano-porous sorbent materials that were developed based on MBS were demonstrated to be effective for selective CO₂ separation and regeneration in the laboratory and pilot plants. Laboratory-scale CO₂ MBS was also successful for H₂S capture and separation for purification of gases such as synthesis gas or hydrogen. In addition, CO₂ utilization is being explored for sustainable development, including CO₂ hydrogenation to clean fuels and chemicals using novel catalysts and catalytic conversion of CO₂ and H₂O in flue gas to syngas via tri-reforming.

Sulfur-Tolerant Catalysts for Conversion of Hydrocarbons

Penn State researchers developed new approaches to the design and preparation of sulfur-tolerant and carbon-resistant catalysts. One new material is the multi-component supported catalyst for low-temperature reforming of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons that still contain some sulfur at thirty parts per million levels. Another is the new design concept for the sulfur-tolerant noble metal catalysts for low-temperature hydrotreating and dearomatization (LT-HDA).

Fixed-bed flow system

Selective Adsorption for Sulfur Removal from Liquid and Gaseous Fuels

Selective Adsorption for Sulfur Removal from Liquid and Gaseous Fuels

Penn State researchers are developing a process concept called selective adsorption for sulfur removal (PSU-SARS) as well as new adsorbent materials for selective adsorption as a new approach to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean fuels at ambient temperatures without using hydrogen gas. Researchers are developing various materials for effective sulfur removal from different types of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and gaseous fuels, in particular the air-regenerable, mixed-metal oxides-based adsorbents.

Advanced Jet Fuel Program

In high-performance jet planes, fuel must serve as the source of propulsion and as a heat sink to absorb excess heat. Future requirements call for fuel capable of withstanding 900°F (JP-900) without decomposing. Penn State has shown that components derived from coal can provide the high degree of thermal stability needed for JP-900. A process involving blending a coal tar distillate product (from the metallurgical coke industry) with petroleum products has been successfully tested at pilot-plant scale. A second process involves adding coal directly to the delayed coking units in oil refineries.

Other Research Activities

Production of advanced thermally-stable jet fuels using coal-based feedstocks
Adsorption desulfurization of diesel fuels, jet fuels, and gasoline for ultra-clean fuels
Reforming of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and alcohols for fuel cell applications
New catalytic materials for fuel deep desulfurization and hydrogenation
Chemistry and stabilizers for thermally stable jet fuels for high-Mach aircraft
Nano-porous sorbents for capture of CO₂ from flue gas of power plants
Nano-sized bimetallic catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation to clean fuels and chemicals
Capture of H₂S from reformate of hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cell applications
Novel sorbents for deep cleanup of anaerobic digest gas for solid oxide fuel cells
Shape-selective catalysis over molecular sieves for value-added organic chemicals
Catalytic reforming of natural gas to produce syngas and hydrogen
Tri-reforming of natural gas using CO₂ in flue gas without separation
Computational analysis of reaction pathways in catalytic processes
Computer simulation of molecular dynamics in pore channels of catalytic materials
New catalytic materials for fuel processing and synthesis of organic chemicals
Analytical characterization of catalytic materials and fuels
Upgrading of coal liquids, heavy oil, and biomass to clean fuel